Leak Sealing Solutions with Sika Injection Systems
LEAKING CONCRETE STRUCTURES BELOW GROUND such as basements and civil engineering structures can have a greatly reduced service life due to steel corrosion and concrete damage, in addition to any reduced functionality and use. In order to avoid the expensive costs of repairs to the structure, or to water damaged interior finishing’s, furnishings, or other goods, plus the costs of any operational downtime, these leaks can often be securely sealed and waterproofed by injection. Sika provides an extensive range of injection systems for all types of leak sealing applications in concrete, masonry, and natural stone structures. These can be used at any time, including during the initial construction works, or later to extend the service life during any subsequent refurbishment, according to the specific project’s requirements. Sika injection systems can not only close, flexibly bridge, seal and make leaking structures watertight for the long term, some can also be used to increase or restore structural integrity and load-bearing capacity, thereby providing complete and durable maintenance solutions. Sika's high-performance injection materials are also fully compatible with Sika’s complete EngineeredWaterproofing range and they can be used for the repair and sealing of cracks, voids, joints, hoses, and compartment systems in many different structures. As a prerequisite, all of Sika’s injection products are also fully tested and conform to all of the relevant global standards.
Introducing our newest innovation in waterproofing repair, Sika® Injection-310 US!
Successful Waterproofing with Sika Injection Systems
There are three primary success factors involved in ensuring the effectiveness and durability of injection works. It is essential that the right combination of injection materials, injection equipment and injection method must be selected and this is whatSika’s extensive technical and practical experience provides:
INJECTION MATERIAL
The selection of the right injection
material and indeed the right specific
injection product for the defined
project requirements is the first key
factor for success. This especially
means the material viscosity,
flexibility and behavior in contact with
water that can all significantly
influence the effectiveness of the
injection.
INJECTION EQUIPMENT
Appropriate equipment for the selected
injection material, including for the
correct preparation, mixing and delivery
of the material is the second key
success factor. This means everything
from the initial dosage and mixing,
through delivery from a suitable pump,
to use of the right
packers/ports/connectors.
INJECTION METHOD / APPLICATION
Thirdly, the correct injection method
and application techniques must be used
by trained, competent and experienced
contractors, in order to ensure the
success and provide complete and
permanent leak sealing solutions.
ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGES OF SIKA
COMPLETE SIKA
SOLUTIONS
Sika
is a "full range"
supplier, meaning
that Sika not only
has the full range
of alternative
injection
technologies and
materials, but we
are also the world's
leading supplier of
engineered
waterproofing,
concrete repair, and
protection solutions
in order to prevent
or seal and
waterproof any type
of leak in your
structure - from the
basement to roof.
SIKA INJECTION
SOLUTIONS TO
GLOBAL
STANDARDS
Sika's injection
solutions are tested
and approved to the
leading global
standards to provide
safe and reliable
injection
solutions.
TECHNICAL
EXPERTISE AND
PRACTICAL
EXPERIENCE
Sika provides advice
and support from the
design office
through to
completion of the
injection and any
associated works on
the side. This
expert technical
advice and practical
assistance are to
help ensure the
selection and
installation of the
right injection
materials,
equipment, met, and
application
methods.
TRAINING
We understand that,
on many projects,
it's preferable to
use an experienced
Specialist
Contractor for
injection works to
seal any leaks that
occur. On others,
for different
practical and
logistic reasons, it
will be better to
train teams from the
main contractor to
do the work. This is
why Sika provides
unrivaled technical
and practical
training both on-
and off-site, to
help ensure that
both the engineering
staff and the site
operatives fully
understand the
requirements and
procedures - all
supported with
Sika's detailed
documentation
included Method
Statements and
Quality Control
checklists.
LOCAL SIKA
PRESENCE
All
around the world,
there are
experienced Sika
professionals to
provide technical
support exactly
where it is required
- in your office or
onsite.
INJECTION MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES & SIKA INJECTION PRODUCTS
Polyurethane Foam Resins
Polyurethane
foaming
resins
are
designed
to
expand
with
water
to
temporarily
block
the
passage
of
water
through
the
crack
or
void.
Their
fast
expansive
reaction
with
water
forms
a
tough
and
flexible/elastic
foam.
For
permanent
waterproofing,
these
polyurethane
foaming
resins
are
re-injected
with
a
suitable
acrylate
injection
resin.
SikaFix®
HH+
A
hydrophobic
polyurethane
foam
grout
that,
when
used
with
the
accelerator,
is
designed
to
stop
water
infiltration
and
fill
voids
outside
structure
or
joint
and
cracks
in
concrete
structures.
It
may
also
be
used
in
applications
with
high
pressure
flowing
water.
SikaFix®
HH
Hydrophilic
A
nonflammable
hydrophilic
polyurethane
foaming
resin
designed
to
form
a
flexible
gasket
or
plug
joints
and
cracks
in
concrete
from
water
infiltration.
When
it
comes
in
contact
with
water,
the
grout
expands
quickly
and
cures
to
a
tough,
flexible,
adhesive,
closed-cell
foam
that
is
essentially
unaffected
by
mildly
corrosive
environments.
Acrylate Resins
Acrylate resins are hydrophilic, very flexible, and used for non-structural injections of cracks, joints, and voids, including for injection hose systems, compartment systems, and area (e.g., Grid and Curtain) injection works. For application, Acrylate resins have an extremely low viscosity (similar to water) and therefore have ideal penetration abilities. Their reaction (hardening) time is also adjustable, which allows flexibility in adaptation of the injection material to the prevailing conditions on site (e.g., temperature and injection distance, etc.). Acrylate resin based materials seal and waterproof leaks through their hydrophilic swelling behavior in contact with water. The injection equipment is also easily cleaned with water.
Sika®
Injection-307
A
3-part
polyacrylic
elastic
injection
resin
with
a
very
low
viscosity.
Unique
steel
passivation
properties
provide
active
corrosion
protection.
It
can
be
injected
with
either
a
1-or
2-component
injection
pump
and
is
mainly
used
as
a
re-injectable
leak
sealing
resin
system
for
SikaFuko®
hoses
and
around
damaged
membrane/compartment
systems.
The
reaction
time
is
adjustable
between
10
and
50
minutes.
Sika®
Injection-215
A
very
low-viscosity,
elastic
and
quick-setting
polyacrylic
resin-based
injection
gel.
The
reaction
time
is
adjustable
between
2
and
15
minutes.
Due
to
this
fast
reaction
time,
it
is
only
injected
with
a
2-component
pump.
It
is
primarily
used
in
crack
sealing
and
curtain
wall
injections.
Sika®
Injection-304
An
ultra-low
viscosity,
elastic,
and
very
quick
settling
polyacrylic
resin
based
injection
gel.
The
reaction
time
is
adjustable
between
40
seconds
and
4
minutes.
Due
to
this
fast
reaction
time,
Sika®
Injection-304
is
only
injected
with
a
two-component
pump
and
it
is
generally
used
for
sealing
and
waterproofing
areas
of
damage
or
leaks
with
high
water
ingress,
including
under
hydrostatic
pressure.
Sika®
Injection-310
US
An
easy-to-use
1-component,
powder-based
acrylate-based
resin
for
permanent
watertight
sealing.
SELECTION OF SIKA INJECTION MATERIALS
PROBLEM
REQUIREMENTS
Leaking Crack/Penetrations Dry and/or containing water
- Waterproofing
cracks
and
around
penetrations
of
width>
0.2mm
with
hydrostatic
pressure
- Waterproofing
cracks
and
around
penetrations
of
width>
0.2
mm
without
hydrostatic
pressure
(dry,
damp,
or
wet
surface)
- Force transfer across dry cracks of width > 0.3mm
Leaking Expansion Joints (movement) and Construction/Daywork Joints (non-moving)
- Waterproofing
construction
joints
with
and
without
hydrostatic
pressure
- Waterproofing
joints
where
the
original
joint
sealing/waterproofing
system
is
damaged
or
was
not
properly
installed
Leaking Membrane Compartment Systems
- Waterproofing damaged and leaking sheet membrane compartment systems
Leaking Wall
- Grid
Injection
(Into the surface for larger areas, e.g. honeycombing or poor concrete compaction, etc.)
- Curtain
Injection
(e.g., Behind the structure or element to seal leaks due to multiple tie bar holes or other multiple minor defects/leaks)
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THE CRACK INJECTION PROCESS
CRACKS IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES can be caused as the
result of excessive load or stress on the structure by internal or external
forces (e.g. ground movement). Leaking cracks need to be closed and sealed to
secure the water tightness and durability of the structure.
SEQUENCE OF APPLICATIONS
1. Drill holes for the packer alternating at a 45° angle to the concrete surface as shown in the picture.
Ø of drill hole = Ø of packer +2mm
2. Install the mechanical packers. Tighten the mechanical packets so that they can withstand the maximum injection pressure.
3. Fix the non-return valve on the first packer and start the injection process.
4. When the injection
material flows out of the second packer during the injection
process, fix the non-return valve on to this as quickly as
possible. Stop injection at the first packer and continue at
the second packer.
5.
Repeat this procedure from packer to packer.
6. If necessary, e.g.,
after injection of PU-foaming resins, a secondary injection
procedure is carried out to ensure the crack is completely
filled and sealed with an acrylate injection material.
THE CURTAIN INJECTION PROCESS
BASEMENTS CAN DEVELOP LEAKS over large sections of
their whole area for many reasons including inadequate concrete mix design,
placing, or compaction, in addition to ground movement and rising water tables,
etc. These larger areas can be sealed by curtain injection behind the concrete
structure.
SEQUENCE OF APPLICATIONS
1. Drill holes for the mechanical packers through the leaking building component at a spacing of 30 - 50 cm, as shown in the picture.
2. Install the mechanical packers. Tighten the mechanical packets so that they can withstand the maximum injection pressures.
3. Fix the button head (non-return)fittings on the first packer and start the injection process at the lowest row of drill holes.
4. When the injection material flows out of the second packer during the injection process, fix the non-return valve on it as quickly as possible. Stop injection at the first packer and continue at the second packer.
5. Continue the injection
procedure from packer to packer.
